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101.
Jie Wang Gao-Fei Fu Luke R. Tembrock Xue-Zhu Liao Song Ge Zhi-Qiang Wu 《植物分类学报:英文版》2023,61(2):328-344
The study of genomic structural evolution associated with accelerated evolutionary rates that result in avoidance of meltdown and increase biodiversity is becoming ever more possible as the number of available plastomes increases. To more comprehensively analyze rate heterogeneity among monocots and within Poaceae, we sequenced plastomes from four Poaceae species, combined them with publicly available data from ~200 plastomes, and conducted comparative analyses to quantify the pattern of rate heterogeneity between different lineages, functional groups, and periods of evolutionary time. We compared structural differences across the Poaceae to quantify how changes in plastome size correspond to different genomic subunits and the evolution of IR–SC junction boundaries. The substitution rates among ancestral Poaceae were inferred to be exceptionally rapid compared to other monocots but slowed after divergence into extant lineages, which could not be sufficiently explained by positive selection. As such, rapid rates in the ancestral lineage leading to Poaceae might be more closely linked to large-scale structural changes like the loss of ycf1 and ycf2. The total increase in plastome size across Poaceae was positively correlated with the total length of intergenic spacers, tandem repeats, and dispersed repeats as well as large single copy, and inverted repeats (IRs). The continuous evolution of IR–SC junction boundaries was asynchronous with sizes of total genome and subunits across Poaceae. Future work is needed to better understand what factors in ancestral Poaceae evolved to harness such rapid rates of plastome evolution, avoid a mutational meltdown, and escape the stagnation of strong purifying selection as well as if these factors could be utilized to synthetically control rates. 相似文献
102.
103.
Mei-Yi Zeng Zhi-Liang Lu Song-Cheng Yang Min Zhang Jie Liao Shu-Ling Liu Xi-He Teng 《Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences》1996,681(2):299
A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of benflumetol in human plasma is described. Benflumetol in plasma samples was extracted with a glacial acetic acid-ethyl acetate (1:100, v/v) mixture at pH 4.0. Chromatography was performed on a Spherisorb C18 column using a methanol-water-glacial acetic acid-diethyl amine (93:6:1:0.03, v/v) mixture as the mobile phase and UV-VIS detection at 335 nm. The identity and purity of the benflumetol peak were carefully examined, and the internal standard method was applied for its quantitation. The absolute recovery of benflumetol in spiked plasma samples was 92.91% over the concentration range 5–4000 ng/ml. The recovery of internal standard “8212” at a concentration of 300 ng/ml in spiked plasma was 84.85%. The detection limit of benflumetol was 11.8 ng/ml. Plasma concentration-time profiles in healthy volunteer adults were measured after a single-dose oral administration of 500 mg of benflumetol. The assay procedures were within the quality control limits. 相似文献
104.
DNA immunization: Effects of vehicle and route of administration on the induction of protective antiviral immunity 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Masayuki Yokoyama Jie Zhang J.Lindsay Whitton 《FEMS immunology and medical microbiology》1996,14(4):221-230
Abstract The effectiveness of DNA immunization has been demonstrated in several model systems, usually following intramuscular injection of DNA in saline, or topical administration to the skin. In this study we have compared DNA delivered by three routes (intramuscular, intravenous, and intraperitoneal) and, for each route, in two vehicles (cationic liposome complex and pH sensitive liposome). These two lipid vehicles were evaluated because they are frequently used in gene therapy studies, but their immunogenicity has not been extensively studied. Each of these six combinations has been evaluated not only by assay of marker gene expression in a variety of tissues, but also by measurement of biologically-relevant parameters of immunity induction of antibodies, cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and protection against viral challenge. By both criteria (marker gene expression and induced immunity), the outcomes vary markedly among the six combinations. The combination leading to maximal marker gene expression (DNA with cationic lipid, administered i.v.) also induces detectable antibodies and CTL, and is the only one of the six combinations to induce immune responses comparable to those seen following i.m. injection of DNA in saline. However, marker gene expression can be detected in other combinations in the absence of induced immunity thus the value of marker gene expression in predicting the protection induced by a microbial antigen is questionable suggesting that, when evaluating various promoter constructs, marker gene expression may not adequately replace the direct measurement of biological outcomes. 相似文献
105.
记山西榆社晚新生代鹿科化石两新种 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文记述了山西榆社盆地晚新生代鹿科化石中的两个新种:Eucladoceros proboulei sp.nov.和Procapreolus jinensis sp.nov.,并列出了已鉴定完毕的所有产于榆社盆地晚新生代地层的鹿类动物化石单. 相似文献
106.
达斡尔族成人的体格,体型及半个多世纪来的变化 总被引:10,自引:3,他引:7
对内蒙古自治区莫力达瓦族353名(男187,女166)20-60岁达斡尔族进行了活体观察与测量,总结了达斡尔族的体格特征和类型。并在城乡之间和与半个世纪以前同一地区达斡尔族的体质资料之间进行了比较。 相似文献
107.
金黄色葡萄球菌L型和人乳头瘤病毒与宫颈癌关系的研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
应用改良革兰氏染色和免疫组化染色(ABC法),对270例宫颈癌和33例慢性宫颈炎进行了研究。结果发现,宫颈癌革兰氏染色切片中细菌L型感染率(75.1%)明显高于慢性宫颈炎(45.5%)(P<0.05),金黄色葡萄球菌L型抗原阳性率(76.2%)明显高于人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)抗原阳性率(57.1%)。L型、HPV混合感染率为42.8%。上述结果表明宫颈癌中金葡菌L型与HPV感染均常见,尤其金葡菌L型感染更为多见;金葡菌L型与HPV感染的致病特征相似,两者均有不同程度的空泡细胞出现。提示金葡菌L型感染可能也是宫颈癌的致癌重要因素之一。 相似文献
108.
核糖核酸(RNA)与稀土铽离子在pH5.0~6.5条件下能形成具有较强荧光的络合物,其激发峰在288nm处,发射峰为494nm及545nm处.RNA在0.1~10mg/L范围内与其荧光强度呈线性关系,其检出限为6.0×10 ̄(-8)mol/L.腺苷酸,尿苷酸,胞苷酸对RNA的干扰比较小,因此可在其存在下选择性地测定RNA. 相似文献
109.
110.
超速离心机制备冷冻干燥保存菌种 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用超速离心机原有的冷冻系统和真空系统进行冷冻干燥的方法冻干保存了30种国际标准菌种,4℃保存一年后,随机检测了其中的18种,全部存活良好。用本法还可以制备出1、2、3、10ml不同容量的冷冻干燥生物制剂,适用于中批量各种冻干生物制剂的生产和研究。一机两用,省资金,省用房,提高了机器的利用率。 相似文献